Psychology of Color

Color has a profound effect on the human experience and psyche. Every person has their own personal associations with color and each culture, family, society, and religion have their own unique ways of perceiving and reacting to individual colors. Use of color has psychological effects and is associated with medicine as well. Today I will take a look at how American culture views each of the seven main colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, black and white.

Red

Red is one of the most powerful colors of the spectrum. The color red is associated with all types of emotions, both high and low. For example, red is coupled with love and passion as well as violence and fire. Red is known to have a stimulating effect on energy levels in humans. It is an incredibly visible color and is often used for cautionary purposes, such as red stop signs or red fire hydrants. Both the human eye and human brain strongly perceive and react to red.

Yellow

Another warm, infusing color is yellow. While most people associate yellow with being a bright and cheery hue, it also has the potential to appear cautious. Street signs, caution tape, and other warnings are often in yellow to attract our attention before we could get hurt. In nature, many toxic plants and animals, such as snakes and frogs, have yellow accents to ward off potential predators.

Orange

Orange is produced by mixing the primary colors of red and yellow, and is thus a secondary color. The joys of yellow and the striking visibility of red combine to produce the energetic color orange. Orange is stimulating and warm. Orange is a good color to use to draw attention to something without appearing as harsh as red or as bright as yellow.

Green

Green is a secondary color as it is created by combining two primary colors, blue and yellow. Green is a prevalent hue, as it is one of the most dominant colors found in nature. Almost every climate across the globe has naturally green flora and fauna. Because it is so widely recognized as a naturally occurring element, the color green is associated with growth and wealth.

Blue

Another color dominant in nature is blue. Blue represents both water and sky and is associated with stability and tranquility. The calming effects of blue are so well known that many logos of Corporate America utilize this hue. Corporations use the color to appear more calm and trustworthy to clients and potential customers.

Purple

Purple, like orange and green, is a combination of two primary colors and is therefore a secondary color. Because it is usually created with a 50/50 ratio, purple also bears the characteristics of both colors of which it is made. It maintains an energetic, powerful feel from its red component; likewise, the stability and depth of blue influences how purple is perceived.

Purple is different from other colors in the fact that it is not common in Nature. Granted, some flowers and plants have purple tints, but they are few in number. Because it is a rare pigment to find naturally, purple used to be a rather expensive color to obtain; it was often reserved for noble, royal individuals who could afford such an expense. To this day, purple is associated with kings and queens as well as magic and mystery.

White

The color white is typically associated with luminous, pure items. Angels are historically depicted in white, as are many other Heavenly bodies and settings. Based on its purity, white is also associated with cleanliness. Pure white soap is considered the Gold Standard in cleanliness; all absence of every other color is the highest level of clean one could obtain.

Black

Considered to be mysterious, black is a very complex color. It can convey sorrow and angst, as seen in the trend of black for funerals and death. Black also may appear luxurious and trendy, such as a black stretch limo or a black tie affair. As is the case with most colors, black needs to be considered on an individual basis based on its surroundings and connotation.

And there you have some examples of how color affects the psyche.

Perception of Light – Metamarism

 

Understanding how the human eye perceives light is an important concept in Design. Color is not perceptible without light and how we perceive color is influenced by physics and lighting atmosphere. Different sources of light will create different color results. Take a tree for example. In a simplified view, a tree is made up of green leaves and brown bark, but looked at in the morning compared to mid day, the perception of the color differs because of the change of intensity of the sunlight and other atmospheric changes. This phenomena is known as Metamarism.

Metamarism is the visual phenomenon of an object appearing to have changes in color due to variances in the source of light. This is an important design concept to remember! Each light source is unique, and chosen colors will look very different with even the slightest change in light.

When considering digital or print design, the way your website or printed brochure appears to the consumer is largely dependent on their monitor, office lighting, and where they are viewing the brochure (indoors, outdoors, etc.).

These paintings by Claude Monet are the same cathedral at different times of day. This is Metamarism at work.

 

Animation Pioneer: Lotte Reiniger

Lotte Reiniger was born in Berlin-Charlottenberg in 1899. She is known as a pioneer of silhouette animation, pre dating Disney by 10 years. She was fascinated with the cinema and Chinese Silhouette puppetry as a child and later enrolled in the acting group The theater of Max Reinhardt where she began to draw silhouettes of the actors and also created title cards to the films of Paul Wegener. Her silhouette intertitles for Wegener’s Der Rattenfänger von Hameln (The Pied piper of Hameln) was very successful and she was then admitted to the experimental animation and short film studio Institut für Kulturforschung (Institute for Cultural Research). Here she met Carl Koch who would become her creative partner and husband.

With Cark Koch as producer, she directed a number of short films. She is well known for her film Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926). After its premier in Paris, it became a success both with wide audiences and with critics. She worked on a variety of animation, live action and advertising projects and moved to London in 1949 during Nazi-Germany. In 1953 she partnered with Louis Hagen Jr., and founded Primrose productions where she produced over a dozen silhouette short films based on the Grimms’ Fairy Tales for BBC and Telecasting America.

Reiniger was awarded the Filmband in Gold of the Deutscher Filmpreis in 1972 and in 1979 she received the Great Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. Reiniger died in Dettenhausen, Germany, on 19 June 1981, at the age of 82.

As artists and animators, we can carry forward her passion for her art, and the appreciation that something as seemingly simple as black paper on a light background can create stunning, dramatic and entertaining works. This is a reminder that certain simplicity in form does not necessarily diminish the quality of animation, nor does the complexity of 3d animation always trump the earlier forms.

Here is a link to her film Prince Achmed.

youtu.be/VBnefAxbfvI

 

References:

http://www.awn.com/mag/issue1.3/articles/moritz1.3.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotte_Reiniger

Color Study – Comparing Uses of Color – Gurney, Matisse and Dali

I have just begun studying color theory and I was tasked to compare three artists of my choosing and their respective use of color.

James Gurney is one of my favorite artists. As a fantasy illustrator, his use of ‘plein-air’ and lighting is a successful merging of realism and fantasy art. He maintains a sense of the real while incorporating fantastical elements, using a very precise and accurate study of light and shadow and natural colors. The mood of his work is enhanced by his use of lighting and shading and bright or less saturated colors. In this example, has combined a realistic scene of a rolling countryside with an er ray of dinosaurs and people, and his use of color and shadow create a realistic scene. In this picture, the spring time pastels and greens give a feeling of lightheartedness and playfullness.

dinosaurcowboys.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/dinotopia-nobles-riding.jpg

The second artist I chose is Henri Matisse. As a neo-impressionist in style, his use of color is very effective. I am drawn to his use of a saturated and lively palette that is striking. In this painting titled “Harmony in Red”, his use of red to encompass the woman and the bluish tint of the scenery outside the window and the patterns on the wall and table cloth gives a dramatic feel to the painting. His use of color contrasts to James Gurney, but is more effective at imparting feeling through color.

www.wallcoo.net/paint/matisse/index.html

The third artist I chose is Salvador Dali. His artwork is surreal and he uses color theory to successfully give a mysterious and severe feel. I am drawn to his work because it is painted fluidly and incorporated fantastical ideas using everyday objects that have been molded and twisted in strange ways that defy physics.

www.chipestimate.com/blogs/IPInsider/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/salvador_dali_artwork_desktop_1591x1200_hd-wallpaper-555674.jpg

After viewing work by these three artists, the artist that best conveys emotion to me is Matisse because his use of color is bright and direct and seems to convey the feelings of human everyday experience but Dali’s use of color is also good at conveying a sense of mystery.